Eni: DRILLING FLUIDS OPERATIONS MANUAL

1. MANUAL USER’S GUIDE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.2 GUIDE TO USING THE MANUAL
1.3 UPDATING, AMENDMENT, CONTROL & DEROGATION
2. GUIDE TO DRILLING FLUID PROGRAMMING
2.1 DEVELOPMENT OF THE DRILLING FLUID PROGRAMME
2.2 CHOICE OF DRILLING FLUIDS
2.2.1 Non-Circulating, Start-Up Drilling Fluids
2.2.2 Circulating, Start-Up Drilling Fluids
2.2.3 Drilling Formations With Gradients Less Than 1.0kg/cm2/10m
2.2.4 Drilling Fluids For Non-Reactive Formations
2.2.5 Drilling Fluids For Reactive Formations
2.2.6 Drilling Fluids For Temperatures Greater Than 200oC
2.2.7 Inhibitive And/Or Environmentally Friendly Speciality Fluids
2.3 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FLUID SYSTEM
2.4 EXAMPLES OF DRILLING FLUID CHOICE
2.4.1 Concomitant Problems
2.4.2 Type Of Drilling Fluid Preferred
2.5 CHOICE OF THE FLUID SYSTEM (Dependent On Its Main Variables)
2.6 DRILLING FLUID CHARACTERISTIC PROGRAMMING
2.7 WATER-BASED FLUIDS
2.7.1 Optimum Values Of Marsh Viscosity, Solids And Gel
2.7.2 Optimum Values Of Plastic Viscosity And Yeld Point
3. FLUID CHARACTERISTICS
3.1 NON-INHIBITIVE WATER BASED FLUIDS
3.2 INHIBITED WATER-BASE FLUIDS
3.3 OIL BASED FLUID
3.4 INHIBITED AND/OR ENVIRONMENTAL FLUIDS
4. FLUID MAINTENANCE
4.1 WATER BASED FLUIDS MAINTENANCE
4.1.1 Analysing Flow Chart For Water Based Fluid Reports
4.1.2 Maintenance Problems
4.1.3 Chemical Treatment of Contaminents
4.1.4 H2S Scavengers
4.1.5 Poylmer Structures/Relationship
4.2 OIL BASED FLUIDS MAINTENANCE
4.2.1 Analysing Flow Chart For Oil Based Fluid Reports
4.2.2 Maintenance Problems

5. SOLIDS CONTROL
5.1 SOLIDS REMOVAL EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATIONS
5.2 STATISTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF SOLIDS
5.3 EQUIPMENT PERFORMANCE
5.4 EQUIPMENT RECOMENDATIONS
5.4.1 Double Shale Shakers
5.4.2 Single Deck Shale Shakers
5.5 SCREEN SPECIFICATION
5.5.1 Nomenclature
5.6 CYCLONE SYSTEMS
5.7 CENTRIFUGE SYSTEMS
5.7.1 PrInciple Of Operation
5.7.2 Centrifuge Processing
6. TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE
6.1 LOST CIRCULATION CONTROL TECHNIQUES
6.2 LOSSES IN VARIOUS FORMATION TYPES
6.3 CHOICE OF LCM SPOT PILLS
6.3.1 LCM Information
6.3.2 LCM Efficiency
6.4 TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE
6.4.1 Loss Of Circulation With Water Based Fluids
6.4.2 Loss Of Circulation With Oil Based Fluids
7. STUCK PIPE TREATMENT/PREVENTITIVE ACTIONS
7.1 STUCK PIPE TREATMENT/PREVENTION
8. DRILLING FLUID TRADEMARK COMPARISONS
8.1 DRILLING FLUID PRODUCT TRADEMARKS
8.1.1 Weighting Materials
8.1.2 Viscosifiers
8.1.3 Thinners
8.1.4 Filtrate Reducers
8.1.5 Lubricants
8.1.6 Detergents/Emulsifiers/Surfactants
8.1.7 Stuckpipe Surfactants
8.1.8 Borehole Wall Coaters
8.1.9 Defoamers/Foamers
8.1.10 Corrosion Inhibitors
8.1.11 Bactericides
8.1.12 Lost Control Materials
8.1.13 Chemical Products
8.1.14 Oil Based Fluid Products
8.1.15 Base Liquids And Corrections
9. DRILLING FLUIDS APPLICATION GUIDE
9.1 APPLICATIONS GUIDE

10. DRILLING FLUID ANALYSIS
10.1 DRILLING FLUIDS
10.1.1 Density (Fluid Weight)
10.1.2 Marsh Viscosity
10.1.3 Viscosity, Yield Point, Gel Strength
10.1.4 API Filtrate
10.1.5 HPHT Filtrate
10.1.6 Oil, Water, Solids Measurement
10.2 WATER-BASED FLUIDS
10.2.1 Sand Content Estimate
10.2.2 pH Measurment
10.2.3 Methylene Blue Capacity Determination
10.2.4 Chloride Content Determination
10.2.5 Calcium Hardness Determination
10.2.6 Calcium And Magnesium Determination
10.2.7 Alcalinity, Excess Lime, Pf, Mf, Pm Measurment
10.2.8 Excess Gypsum Measurment
10.2.9 Semiquantitative Determination Of Sulphurs (Hatch Test)
10.2.10 Fluid Corrosivity Analysis
10.3 OIL BASED FLUIDS
10.3.1 Electrical Stability Determination
10.3.2 Fluid Alkalinity Determination
10.3.3 Fluid Chloride Determination
10.3.4 Calcium Determination
APPENDIX A - DRILLING FLUID CODING SYSTEM
A.1. CODE GROUPS
A.2. EXAMPLE CODING
APPENDIX B - ABBREVIATIONS
B.1. FLUID CODE ABBREVIATIONS